Categories
Education

Full Moons and Lunacy.

supermoon

Now that the supermoon has passed, here’s a reminder that there is scant evidence that full moons are associated with erratic, violent, or unusual behavior.

Dr. Chudler offers a brief summary of studies related to human behavior and full moons on his website and notes

Although most experiments fail to show a relationship between the phase of the moon and abnormal behavior, the belief in the “lunar effect” is still strong among many people.

Scientific American also published a piece about this a few years ago and concludes

… the lunar lunacy effect appears to be no better supported than is the idea that the moon is made of green cheese.

Categories
Consult-Liaison Education Medicine Observations Reflection

Pay It Forward.

Prior to starting medical school, I had no desire to work as a psychiatrist. I had a plan: I’d become an infectious disease physician[1. I studied microbiology and molecular genetics in college. My fondness for bacteria persists.] or an oncologist.

During my psychiatry rotation as a medical student I spent four weeks on a consult-liaison service. I worked with an attending who was smart and excellent with patients. Though everyone agreed he wasn’t warm, he was genuinely kind. (He also wore bow ties and suspenders. His clothes never had wrinkles in them. Was this due to his military background?) My plans started to change.[2. It wasn’t a single moment that made me abandon my original intention to go into internal medicine. I still remember the case, though, that tipped me to go into psychiatry: One of my patients on the medicine service was a firefighter who had suffered a significant bleed in his stomach. I was able to talk about the cells and chemistries in his blood, the risk factors that contributed to his condition, and what he could do in the future to prevent this from happening again. Yet, I couldn’t tell anyone anything about him as a person, how he came to have those risk factors, how he perceived those risk factors, and if he had any desire or intentions to change his behaviors so that he could prevent this form happening again.]

Before starting my psychiatry residency, I had no particular interest in working with people experiencing psychotic symptoms (e.g., hearing voices, holding firm beliefs that are not rooted in reality, etc.). I had a plan: I’d become a consult-liaison psychiatrist and spend my days in hospitals spanning the boundary between acute medical care and psychiatry. There was a little of everything in consult-liaison psychiatry: the full spectrum of psychiatric conditions; brief psychotherapy; teaching patients, families, and, often, the staff of the primary medical service; starting and stopping medications to reduce distressing symptoms.

During my residency I found myself finding the most meaning when providing care to people with limited means: refugees from Southeast Asian countries; military veterans with few supports upon their return from wars ranging from World War II to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; people living in homeless shelters or on the streets. Medications were not always useful or indicated. The senior residents and attendings in these settings were astute, unpretentious, compassionate, and just good with people. My plans started to change.

Now, as an attending, my interests are a mix of all those things: I like working with people with significant psychiatric symptoms who often have limited means. I like working in teams to help people get better and out of the system, whether that is the hospital, the jail, or the mental health system entirely.

I spent over eight years of medical training under the supervision of “attendings”. It took me a few years to get used to people calling me “Dr. Yang”.[3. I still find it jarring when colleagues who routinely call me “Maria” suddenly address me as “Dr. Yang”.] I guess I’m not yet used to the idea that I am now an attending and people expect me to “know”:

  • a high school student who wants to interview me to ask about my work as a psychiatrist
  • college students who want to learn more about non-traditional work in psychiatry[4. Thanks for helping to inspire this post, Anna!]
  • medical students who want to know which psychiatry residencies they should apply to if they want specific training in working with indigent populations
  • residents who want to know which fellowships they should apply to if they are interested in public sector clinical and administrative duties
  • fellows who want to know where they should apply for work in non-traditional settings

It’s weird. Impostor syndrome persists: These people think I’m qualified to tell them?

When I think about all the people who guided me—intentionally or not—to where I am today, I find that the second best way to thank them is to pay it forward.[5. The first best way to thank people, of course, is to directly thank them for the specific things they said or did.] We need people who have the will and energy to serve the community, who are willing to think about and do things differently. Yes, interests change, plans change, people change. However, we never know how our words and actions may inspire those around us.


Categories
Consult-Liaison Education Informal-curriculum Medicine Nonfiction Observations Reflection

Teaching Moment.

The Chief of Service ushered me into the room, but said nothing. His staff of fifteen looked at the Chief with expectation and, upon realizing that he was looking at me and probably wasn’t go to say anything—including my name or the reason for my visit—the fifteen people joined him in looking at me.

“Hi,” I said, taking the cue and flashing The Winning Smile. This is my name, this is my title, and this is why I’m here: As a psychiatrist, I think there is overlap in the work that we do and in the patients that we see—

“Is it okay if we refer to your patients as ‘wackos’?” the Chief blurted out. Nervous laughter twittered among his staff.

“I’d prefer that you didn’t.” My voice was light; my face was dark.

“Oh. I guess another psychiatrist should have told me that.” He was still smiling.

“I hope I’m not the first one to do so.” When he finally saw the lasers shooting from my eyes, his smile dissolved and he looked down.


There are several reasons why I believe that social skills are not his forte:

  • He either chose not to or did not think he needed to introduce me to his staff.
  • As a Chief of Service he should have known better than to say such things in front of his entire staff.
  • This exchange occurred within five minutes of us meeting each other.

I think his question—“Is it okay if we refer to your patients as ‘wackos’?”—was his honest effort to connect his staff and me together. Everyone would have a good laugh, we’d share something in common, and we could move forward with greater ease. He thought his comment was benign.

It makes me wonder, though: Had he made a similar comment in the past to another psychiatrist? And had that psychiatrist laughed? Did a ridiculous repartee follow?

Did another psychiatrist reinforce this sort of behavior?


He’s not a “schizophrenic”. He’s a guy with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Maybe he’s even a guy who is skilled guitar player, a father of two children, and has a degree in political science who happens to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

She’s not a “brittle diabetic”. She’s a woman with a diagnosis of diabetes. Maybe she has a knack for training dogs, has a remarkable talent for singing, and was on her way to law school when she was first diagnosed with diabetes.

People are people with various interests, talents, and potentials. They are not their medical conditions.

No one is a “wacko”.


The Chief of Service sent me an e-mail later:

Thank you for visiting us and also for your gentle way of reminding me of my crudeness and insensitivity. I am sure you hear enough negative attitudes towards your clients that you would welcome the opportunity to create a more positive attitude towards mental health issues.

I actually don’t hear many “negative attitudes” about my patients. Perhaps this is because every moment can be a teaching moment and, over time, people learn not to use such language (at least around me). As I noted several years ago:

Doc­tors, like most peo­ple, often assign adjec­tives to patients because it can be hard to iden­tify and then acknowl­edge emo­tions. It is much eas­ier to say, “She is such a dif­fi­cult patient! She is never happy with her care!” than to say, “I feel angry and help­less when I see her because it seems like noth­ing improves her symp­toms!” Leav­ing out the sub­jec­tive “I” gives the illu­sion of objec­tiv­ity and professionalism.

I can only hope that the Chief of Service shared his reflection about his “crudeness and insensitivity” with his staff.

Categories
Observations Reading Reflection

Recent Readings.

Things I have recently read (with commentary on only one piece):

The Stranger Beside Me

I have a longstanding interest in serial killers because I have no understanding why they murder people. My hope is that, upon finishing a book like this, I can make more sense out of something I just don’t get.

I didn’t realize that Ted Bundy had a history in Seattle. He was a work-study student at our local Crisis Clinic. He also worked with psychiatric patients in the clinic at Harborview Medical Center, the de facto county hospital. He murdered women in King County.

The author of The Stranger Beside Me had a friendship with Ted Bundy. She was writing the book as he was murdering women. While I did not gain a greater understanding why Ted Bundy killed people when I finished her book, I did appreciate her efforts in describing Ted Bundy as a person and her internal struggles as she wondered if her friend was the man responsible for many murders.

Solitude and Leadership

“What we have now are the greatest technocrats the world has ever seen, people who have been trained to be incredibly good at one specific thing, but who have no interest in anything beyond their area of exper­tise. What we don’t have are leaders.”

Rethinking Work

“But we care about more than money. We want work that is challenging and engaging, that enables us to exercise some discretion and control over what we do, and that provides us opportunities to learn and grow. We want to work with colleagues we respect and with supervisors who respect us. Most of all, we want work that is meaningful — that makes a difference to other people and thus ennobles us in at least some small way.”

Placebo Effects in Medicine

“Unfortunately, much of what is known about placebo effects has been discovered through laboratory experiments with healthy volunteers, employing deceptive techniques that are not directly pertinent to clinical practice. We need more research involving clinical interventions designed to elicit placebo effects in participants without deception and in a manner consistent with informed consent.”

Some Thoughts on the Real World by One Who Glimpsed It and Fled

“Creating a life that reflects your values and satisfies your soul is a rare achievement. In a culture that relentlessly promotes avarice and excess as the good life, a person happy doing his own work is usually considered an eccentric, if not a subversive.”

Categories
Nonfiction Observations

Border Crossing.

When we crossed back into the US yesterday, this is how the conversation went with the border officer:


Husband hands officer three US passports.

US BORDER OFFICER: So there’s three of you, huh?

HUSBAND: Yes.

OFFICER: How are the other two connected to you?

HUSBAND: That’s my wife in the back seat and this is her father.

OFFICER: Where do you live?

HUSBAND: Seattle.

OFFICER: Where did you go?

HUSBAND: To Vancouver.

OFFICER: How long were there for?

HUSBAND: Just for the day.

OFFICER: Why did you go to Vancouver?

HUSBAND: To sightsee.

OFFICER: Well, how was it?

PAUSE. HUSBAND and FATHER speak at the same time:

HUSBAND: It was fun.
FATHER: Great!

OFFICER: Are you bringing anything back with you?

HUSBAND: No.

OFFICER: Okay. (hands passports back) Have a nice day.

The car pulls away from checkpoint. MARIA exclaims: That guy was so easy on us! That was the smoothest border crossing we have ever had!


This is the conversation we had the last time we were at the border. I have not embellished it:

Husband hands border officer two passports.

US BORDER OFFICER: How are you two related?

HUSBAND: She’s my wife.

OFFICER: Where do you live?

HUSBAND: Seattle.

OFFICER: Where did you go?

HUSBAND: To Vancouver.

OFFICER: Where did you go in Vancouver?

HUSBAND: Downtown and Stanley Park.

OFFICER: How long were you in Vancouver for?

HUSBAND: Just for the day.

OFFICER: Why were you there just for the day?

HUSBAND: (pointing at MARIA) To see some of her friends.

OFFICER: Why were your friends in Vancouver?

HUSBAND: To take a cruise to Alaska.

OFFICER: Are you bringing anything back with you?

HUSBAND: No.

OFFICER (to HUSBAND): What do you do for a living?

HUSBAND: I’m a scientist.

OFFICER (to MARIA): What do you do for a living?

MARIA: I work as a doctor.

OFFICER: Where did you go to medical school?

MARIA: UC Davis.

OFFICER: Where is UC Davis?

MARIA: Near Sacramento. In California.

OFFICER: Is this your car?

HUSBAND: No, it’s a rental.

OFFICER: If you live in Seattle, why did you rent a car?

HUSBAND: We don’t own a car.

OFFICER flips through passports, scans the faces of HUSBAND and MARIA, then hands them the passports.

OFFICER: Okay. You can go.


Let’s be clear: In the grand scheme of things, this was not a terrible situation. No one asked us to get out of the car. No one searched our bags. No one got hurt.

Most of our experiences at the security checkpoint to return to the US, however, have been more like the second anecdote than the first. The officers often ask irrelevant questions (“what hotel did you stay at?” “what restaurant did you go to?”), make inquiries about the car (“where did you rent the car from?”), and never make pleasantries. In fact, as we were waiting to get to the checkpoint yesterday, we reviewed every single thing we did in Vancouver. We wanted to ensure that we knew all the answers as a group.

Why the difference yesterday? We still used a rental car, everyone in the car still appeared Asian, and we still came from Seattle.

Was it because there were three of us? (Does an algorithm suggest that trios crossing the border are less likely to cause trouble?)

Was it because we had an elder with us? (Does the US border patrol have a lower suspicion of illegal activities when a genial senior citizen is part of the trio?)

Was it because the officer we saw yesterday was in a good mood?

Does it mean anything that Canadian border officers are less intrusive and kinder to us than the US border officers when we are returning home?