Categories
Consult-Liaison COVID-19 Education

Triangle of Thoughts, Behaviors, and Emotions.

diagram showing that thoughts, behaviors, and emotions are all interlinked

(T) = thought
(E) = emotion
(B) = behavior

All are interrelated and we can intervene at any point of the triangle to change the other factors.

Starting with THOUGHTS:

(T) “The federal government, in providing no support or interventions for the pandemic, has abandoned the people of this nation.”
(E) Anger, sometimes rage.
(B) Eat six servings of cookies.
Result? Fleeting pleasure (E) from the taste and texture of cookies, leading to thoughts of, “I ate too many cookies; I should have done something different” (T), which can lead to disappointment and guilt (E).

(T) “The federal government, in providing no support or interventions for the pandemic, has abandoned the people of this nation.”
(E) Anger, sometimes rage.
(B) Write a blog post about it.
Result? Satisfaction (E) from accomplishing a task that helps me feel more calm (E) and may help other people try something different so they can feel less anger (T).

(T) “The federal government, in providing no support or interventions for the pandemic, has abandoned the people of this nation.”
(E) Anger, sometimes rage.
(B) Go out for a walk.
Result? Sense of calm (E) due to changing my enviroment and recognizing that I am doing something to improve my health (T).

Sometimes we don’t recognize our emotions, which could result in events like this:

(T) “The federal government, in providing no support or interventions for the pandemic, has abandoned the people of this nation.”
(B) Throwing something across the room.

Starting with EMOTIONS:

(E) Grief and anger.
(B) Pull the blankets over your head.
(T) “I don’t want to get out of bed and deal with all the things related to the pandemic.”
Result? Loitering in bed (B) because the world feels overwhelming and I feel helpless (E), which makes me believe that things won’t get better (T).

(E) Grief and anger.
(B) Go out for a walk.
(T) “Look at the leafless trees, how the color of the fog matches the color of the water, how the world seems to reflect our collective mood….”
Result? Recognizing that I at least took a step to take care of my mind and body (T), which helps me feel some measure of serenity and gratitude (E).

(E) Grief and anger.
(T) Think about the how the emotions of grief and anger affect my thoughts and behaviors.
(B) Write a blog post to clarify my thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Result? Feeling hope (E) that maybe these words will help other people feel more empowered, less lonely, and less angry (T).

There are some professionals who believe in the “primacy of thought”, meaning that they believe that thoughts precede all emotions and behaviors. I do not hold this view, as (a) our current understanding of thoughts center on the use of language, and sometimes we all struggle to name the emotions we feel and (b) reflexes circumvent thoughts (i.e., we yank our hands away from the flame without thinking about the fire burning our fingers).

Starting with BEHAVIORS:

(B) Clenching my jaw and shoulders.
(E) Anxious. Maybe angry. Maybe sad, particularly since many cultures tolerate and accept anger more than sadness.
(T) “Let’s get up and drink some water. Changing positions will help me relax my jaw and shoulders.”
Result: Momentary release of muscle tension (B) that may help reduce anxiety (E).

(B) Checking e-mail way too many times in an hour to learn updates about people staying in the shelter who may have tested positive for Covid-19.
(T) “Oh, please say that no one tested positive, please don’t let anyone have Covid….”
(E) Anxiety and fear. Probably an attempt to limit prevent guilt, too.
Result: Feeling annoyed (E) with myself for trying to control things that I cannot control (T), then resolving to get up and do something else away from the computer (T) and encouraging myself to adhere to a schedule of checking e-mail (B) so I don’t clench my jaws and shoulders (B) due to anxiety (E)

Thanks for reading this and working through this triangle with me. (This triangle forms the basis of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), in case you wish to learn more.)

Categories
Consult-Liaison COVID-19 Homelessness Medicine Nonfiction Seattle Systems

“The Impact of Covid-19 on Homeless Services in Seattle.”

On Friday, I presented Grand Rounds to an agency in New York City. The title of my presentation was “The Impact of Covid-19 on Homeless Services in Seattle, Washington”. The audience was comprised mostly of psychiatrists who also work with people who are currently unhoused or have been homeless in the past.

In some ways, this presentation was easy to create: I simply described the agency I work for and walked the audience through the timeline of events:

While the Seattle-King County region was scrambling due to the first death from Covid-19, the first case of Covid-19 was diagnosed in New York City on March 1.

In other ways, this presentation is the only one I’ve made where I had to take breaks while making it because of anger, grief, and sadness.

The month of March was hectic for us and everyone else: We tossed routine policies out the window and scribbled new ones down. We shattered many of our old habits and hastily introduced new practices. Our collective workload increased significantly as we tried to be as flexible and responsive to the changes that were coming at us. We watched systems grind to a halt because systems can’t change that fast: We had to buy hand sanitizer from local distilleries and we donated N95 masks to hospitals. Systems that had long failed us suddenly had the harsh glow of media light on them: In all of Seattle, there were only five bathrooms with hand-washing sinks that were open 24/7. Congregate shelters, where over 200 people had no choice but to share one giant room and one bathroom, suddenly became unacceptable because the beds were not at least six feet apart.

And, yet, eight months later, not much changed. We haven’t had the opportunity to abandon restrictions; many of these new practices are now status quo because the situation hasn’t gotten better. I was honest with the audience: There was no resolution or hopeful conclusion at the end of my talk. Why was that? How could it be that, eight months later, things hadn’t actually changed much?

The audience said nothing. What is there to say? The lack of ownership and coordination at the federal level is the same now as it was in March/April. New York City has significantly more resources than Seattle, though those resources only go so far while SARS-CoV2 can cross state lines and national boundaries when no barriers are erected and no interventions happen. If people in a boat are not rowing in the same direction—or if people aren’t rowing at all—then the boat and everyone in it wastes a lot of time and energy.

I was surprised by the gifts of validation from the audience. Yes, we all work as psychiatrists and the last time most of us saw someone get intubated was when we were residents. However, we all recall doing consults on people in the ICU who were sick. Ostensibly, we were there to take care of the patient and maybe their family members. We also know, though, that an important (and often unspoken) part of psychiatric consults is to support the treating team.

We all have a sense of how terrible it is for the treating teams. These are the reasons why we desperately try to keep people healthy and out of hospitals. We know that our contributions are small—most people don’t live on the streets, in shelters, or in supportive housing; most people don’t have diagnoses of schizophrenia or severe substance use disorders—but we also know that our people are often maligned when they pass through the doors into traditional health care systems. We all have a sense of how terrible it is for our people. We also know that, due to the stress of living marginalized lives, our people often have more severe health conditions. They already have many risk factors that increase the likelihood of complications and death due to Covid-19. We’re trying to mitigate the stress of everyone involved.

It’s heartbreaking, terrible, and unfair.

To end the talk on a positive note, I mentioned several things I am grateful for:

  • The rainy season has arrived in Seattle and I get to sleep in a dry bed indoors.
  • I have confidence in where I am going to sleep tonight.
  • I have a job and can pay my bills.
  • I know I will eat (again!) today.
  • There now exists technology where I can speak to an audience of colleagues on the other side of the continent!

These both mean a lot and nothing at the same time.

In the meantime, we continue to do what we can while we wait.

Categories
Reflection

Hope for the Future.

It’s been over three months since I posted something here, though it feels right to write a few words here today.

Upon learning that Biden and Harris have won the Presidential election, my first thought was:

Thank God we will have a better Covid-19 response.

For all of us who have the privilege and responsibility to look after the health and well-being of others, the weight of the pandemic over the past few months has felt like it would grind us into dust, regardless of our efforts. I sustained a significant muscle strain in my back over a month ago and someone quipped, “Who doesn’t feel like the world is straining their back?”

Of course, a new administration won’t make the pandemic disappear. People will continue to get sick from Covid-19. Some will die. A federal administration, though, that takes the pandemic seriously will result in thoughtful planning, greater prevention efforts, and coordination that will directly impact those of us who are trying to prevent some of the most vulnerable in our communities from getting sick.

I am also thankful that I get to witness the first Black and Indian Vice President!

The upcoming days, weeks, and months will be noisy. As Trump continues to demonstrate low frustration tolerance and impulse control, his vitriol will become more hostile. He has been rewarded with the gifts of attention and validation for these behaviors for over five years now; these behaviors will amplify before they are extinguished. We can never truly get away from ourselves.

For those of us who have been lucky enough to have good health and safety, may this continue. May more and then all people be able to experience good health and safety as time continues to move forward.

Categories
Consult-Liaison COVID-19 Homelessness Nonfiction Reflection

How One Psychiatrist is Coping with the Pandemic.

Context: I work as the medical director for an agency that provides shelter, permanent supportive housing, and crisis and behavioral health services. I also do clinical work there as a psychiatrist, where I see people in shelter, housing, and in clinic.[1. A few of the people I see agree to use telehealth, but those who have phones tend to prefer telephone over video.]

Like many other essential workers, my colleagues and I have worked long hours, spent even more hours worrying and planning, and have had to figure out how to manage ourselves in the midst of uncertainty. Though we have been fortunate to be able to move many people out of congregate settings into motel and hotel rooms,[2. Here are some anecdotes about what happens when people move from a congregate setting into their own room with a private bathroom, a bed, and a door that locks: 911 calls go down. People who previously did not routinely take showers start showering daily. Some people use less drugs; some people stop using drugs and alcohol completely. People start planning and taking steps towards goals, such as school, employment, financial planning, relationships.…] we still have some people staying in congregate settings, which is undesirable during a pandemic. Many of the people who stay in shelter and housing have significant and chronic medical problems, which makes us nervous that they will have worse outcomes if they contract Covid-19. I express gratitude every day—though maybe not out loud—for the very few cases that have occurred within the agency. With over 500 people in shelter (though, again, many have moved into motel and hotel rooms) and over 1000 people in permanent supportive housing, plus hundreds who have different living circumstances but are enrolled in our clinics, we thus far have had fewer than 50 positive cases of Covid-19.

The strain on staff is significant. People will have different memories of this pandemic: Some people (reportedly; I don’t personally know anyone who falls into this group) have expressed some relief during this time, as they have the time and resources to do things like learn new languages, travel to cute cabins in remote places, and other things that seem like fiction to me. Others have had to learn how to navigate congregate settings and provide care to people with significant health conditions in the absence of national guidelines and plans.[3. Do I sound resentful? I think the underlying emotion is disappointment.]

I don’t think people who are trained as psychiatrists are necessarily more skilled at coping during a pandemic, as none of us in the US[4. Recall that there have been epidemics in the recent past. I found Mental health and psychosocial support in ebola virus disease outbreaks and Protecting Mental Health During Epidemics helpful… and don’t get the sense that the CDC or other federal agencies have reviewed these articles and/or are interested in providing this sort of support to any of us. Am I still sounding resentful?] have ever lived through one. Here’s what I’ve been doing (or at least trying to do) to manage myself:

Get up early to do stuff to take care of me. (Because I wasn’t born a doctor and, God willing, I will be able to retire before I die.) I aim to get out of bed at 5am. This tends to be the quietest time of day and few, if any, people want or need my attention. The long summer days in Seattle make getting up that early easier, but, let’s be real: Sometimes the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.

Exercise. Sometimes this means what most people mean by the word “exercise”, like push-ups, squats, etc. Sometimes this means “movement”, which can be a one-person dance party. The face covering mandate has interfered with my willingness to run. I do want to run, but I haven’t been able to get over the hump of running while wearing a mask. (I live in a neighborhood where there are at least some people around, even at 5am. I am committed to wearing a mask when I am out and about.)

Invest time on hobbies. During those early morning hours I study Chinese to improve my literacy. Though I haven’t posted much here, I am trying to write daily (I continue to use 750 Words, which helps me with quantity, even if the quality is terrible).

Eat cookies. Sometimes I eat only a few; sometimes I end up eating over half the box. This is not the greatest coping mechanism, though it is something I have done because my frustration tolerance is sometimes low and impulse control is hard.

Walk during meetings. I’m that person who often joins a video call by telephone. This is related to technological deficits, as well as willfulness: If the meeting doesn’t require video presence, then I will take the less stimulating option of audio only. I occasionally quip that I’m like tuna: If I stop moving, I will die. If I’m able to walk during a meeting, that not only helps me dispel anxious energy, but also reduces the likelihood that I will get distracted by e-mail or other tasks during the meeting. This also helps me feel like I’m taking advantage of the summer weather while we still have it.

Talk to myself. Out loud. And often in an effort to meet and greet whatever emotion I’m feeling. (Hang in there with me.) Earlier this week I exclaimed much louder than I intended, “I feel so anxious!!!” and then proceeded with this conversation:

Hello, Anxiety! What brings you here today? Are you enjoying this summer weather? What are you worried about? What are you trying to tell me today? What can I do to help you feel better?

This is a concrete way to acknowledge whatever it is I am feeling because avoiding emotions is generally impossible and ineffective: It’ll come out some other way (e.g., eating half a box of cookies).

Observe the sky. The sky is bigger than me. The pandemic is bigger than me. The sky changes. The pandemic will change. I want to witness the sky. I want to witness the pandemic. To stop and look at the sky—the clouds, the moon, the sun, the colors—allows me to pause and claim time that sometimes never feels like mine.

Try to make other people laugh. During this time of differing degrees of isolation, sharing laughter with someone is a treasure. Sometimes the humor is admittedly dark, though I much prefer that people get it out of their systems with trusted confidants, rather than on others (like patients).

Sleep. Sometimes sleep doesn’t feel restful—I am sorry to confess that, sometimes, my dreams center on Covid-19—and occasionally I wake up from sleep thinking about all the things I should do related to the pandemic. Having a fixed “get out of bed” time helps with regulating sleep.

Thank people. There is no way any of us could manage this ridiculous time by ourselves. There are so many people to thank: The janitors who clean and sanitize spaces to keep us all healthy. The grocer who is there so you can buy food. The doctors and nurses who provide Covid-19 testing and counseling. The sanitation staff who continue to empty out the garbage and recycling bins. The plumbers who fix emergency sewage leaks. The person on the street who acknowledges you and makes an effort to stay at least six feet away. The bus drivers who continue to transport essential workers around the city. The first responders, including police, who are kind to the seemingly increasing number of people who are sleeping outside. God/the Universe/whatever Deity that I still have a job, a stable place to live, and, thus far, good health.

Do you have other suggestions?


Categories
Systems

Revisiting Racism in Psychiatry.

While much of the current conversation has focused on racism within the criminal-legal system, institutional racism also exists elsewhere, including psychiatry.

I’ve written a few posts about this topic in the past:

Here’s one from 2017 that discusses “drapetomania“.

In 2018 I wrote about the use of race in advertisements for antipsychotic medication.

I also wrote about the intersections of race, jail, and psychiatry in 2017.

More to follow….